Bench Definition and Legal Meaning

On this page, you'll find the legal definition and meaning of Bench, written in plain English, along with examples of how it is used.

What is Bench?

History and Meaning of Bench

The term "bench" refers to the collection or sitting of more than one judge in a court to hear a judicial case collectively when the importance or statutory requirements of that particular case demand such case need to be heard by a group of judges to reach a majority-based ruling. The term comes from the Old French word "banc," which means "bench or seat." In medieval times, judges sat on a raised platform or bench in the court, and the term "bench" became associated with the judges themselves.

In modern times, the term "bench" is used to refer to the group of judges who preside over a case and make decisions collectively. This is common in higher courts where complex legal issues, constitutional matters, or significant disputes require the input of more than one judge.

Examples of Bench

1. The Supreme Court Bench consisting of five judges is hearing the landmark case on privacy rights.
2. The Chief Justice has constituted a full bench comprising seven judges to hear the case related to the legality of Aadhaar.
3. The division bench comprising two judges has overturned the decision of the single judge to grant bail to the accused.
4. The three-judge bench has delivered a unanimous verdict on the constitutionality of Section 377.
5. The High Court bench comprising four judges heard the public interest litigation seeking a ban on firecrackers during Diwali.

Legal Terms Similar to Bench

1. En banc: A French term meaning "in bench," referring to a case heard by a larger panel of judges than the usual number.
2. Panel: A group of judges selected to hear and decide a case.
3. Collegium: A group of high-ranking judges who are responsible for the appointment and transfer of judges in India.